For this exercise you are going to make a montage or collage with a political message. Your subject matter could be a current issue, or something that you feel strongly about such as animal rights, the treatment of elderly people in hospital or images of women in the media. Collect images from newspapers, magazines, your own photographs or images online. Create new meanings out of these extant images by juxtaposing and contrasting them. Be imaginative, playful, provocative or humorous. If you have access to a scanner, then scan in your found images and create collages or photomontages with Photoshop. Try working with layers; exploring a variety of selection tools, such as your magic wand or magnetic lasso; utilising the cutting and pasting options – try and learn the keyboard shortcuts for these; adjusting the contrast, colour and balance of your images; and resizing elements of your photomontages. In your learning log reflect on the original meaning of the images and your subsequent college. Write a short evaluative statement.

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The Poetic Power of Collage

During this exercise, an exciting coincidence awaited me. On one of my walks through the Art Gallery Künstlerräume Grafiken aus der Sammlung in Bielefeld, I came across a book on collages, The age of Collage 2. This edition was the very source on the history of photomontage that I needed for this exercise. First, I got acquainted with the prehistory of collage and juxtaposition. The first thing that was mentioned in this book is that collage is based on Subversion. Photomontage was used by many artists as a rather daring form of protest, expressing their political thoughts. For example, John Hartfield openly ridiculed the Nazi Party and its ideologies in 1930, depicting an X-ray of Hitler’s upper body with a stomach full of gold and a swastika for a heart.

It is true as well of collage works that simply feature fragments from the artist’s everyday surroundings in unexpected arrangements. It was interesting to see how collage gives artists the ability to control the flow of images that we encounter daily while changing, distorting, and even ridiculing their original meaning.

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Another example from this book is the Dadaists reaction against the slaughter of the First World War. Their most important contribution to collage was photomontage, whereby printed photographs of their reproductions were sliced and pasted together to create farcical images with scathing political messages. Photomontage has become one of the collage’s most prevalent techniques.

One of the most salient qualities of collage is its distinctive capacity to tread the fine line between the tragic and the humorous like no other medium.

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Martha Rosler is a prolific artist whose work spans several decades and various fields including performance art, installations, photography, video, and collage. She had been using the montage form to provide a collision within a frame of things we think about when we unconsciously position women as home appliances and passive objects of desire, and it occurred to make anti-war flyers in the form of montaged tableaux drawn from mass picture magazines.

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Memory you work for us but never obey / you mock us when we look at fading photographs / at bereaved women / putting on again colourful dresses

Julia Hartwig, Rebuke.

Later I came across for some of the examples of Joe Webb’s collages. They are often simultaneously visually pleasing and politically charged. He sources a lot of imagery from advertising, which is an utterly distorted and unattainable projection of reality designed to leave us feeling inadequate, unattractive, and consuming more. Joe Webb shows the extreme contrasts of the imagery to expose the crazy, messed up way we live, and how we are controlled through methods of dumbing down, distraction, and fear.

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I juxtapose this glossy imagery with real life events: war, extreme weather events, poverty, corruption. In doing so the veneer of these adverts seems to peel away, exposing harshness of reality.

Joe Webb.

Source: The age of Collage 2

Analysing the brief

After analysing the history of collage development, I got a large portion of inspiration, which I could use in my designs. My thoughts for creating a new collage revolved around critical areas, such as environment, pollution, recycling and fast-developing countries. I wrote them down into my mind up, filling it with some additional points.

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Recently, the issue of environmental protection and the issues of global overpopulation and high consumption are particularly acute in the modern world. Especially acute, along with environmental pollution, is the problem of the Fashion Industry. Fashion Waste, Pollution and the Environment – with each second that passes by, a truck worth of fabric is piled into a landfill burned. The average landfill is .76 cubic metres in diameter. A commercial landfill holds 10-14 cubic yards of dirt. That means, every second you’re reading this article 7.6 to 10 cubic meters of fabric is being dumped/burned, contributing to the 1.2bn in greenhouse gas emissions the fashion industry releases each year during manufacturing.

It all sounded quite shocking to me. But the data released about the fashion industry doesn’t get much better upon further reading. Clothing contributes to half a million tonnes of microfibre pollution into the ocean, the equivalent to 50bn plastic bottles.

Fashion isn’t not only impacting the ocean, either. This year, it was reported that Burberry burned £40m worth of merchandise in one of the biggest stories surrounding luxury fashion in 2018. The brand wanted to retain brand exclusivity while keeping stock scarcity high. The problem with this is the negative impact this has had on the brand and environment.

Fast Fashion goes beyond the season. No longer are there January or mid-season sales, but discounts based on influencer, key dates, affiliate marketing and more. You could say the industry has made fashion more agile. But realistically, it’s contributed to creating a monster that needs the latest item of clothing or accessory, and they needed it yesterday.

Source: https://wtvox.com/fashion/fashion-waste/
Source: https://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/8256/fashion-waste-is-rubbish-how-do-we-solve-the-issue

Pinterest Board

Time to start selecting materials for the design itself. I went through the collections on Pinterest, choosing remarkable images. In my inspiration board, I selected some retro posters from the Bridgman source, on ecology and the environment thematic. I also saved a photo session, which depicts respectable people on the background of rubbish and plastic. But I was also interested in images from the fashion industry. I turned to our home collection of magazines. British Journal of Photography Issue 7881, March 2019 was suitable for my investigation into the environment and its pollution. I was attracted by an image called Dame Vivienne Westwood, London 2012, by Martin Parr. On that photo, she is wearing in a Climate Change shirt. Then I decided to go into the investigation and concluded that it could serve as an interesting object in my collage.

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Sources: Bridgman Images. [Accessed June 2019]
British Journal of Photography Issue 7881, March 2019 [Accessed June 2019]

Westwood, 72, said she did not want to defend the fashion industry, although she regards “true fashion” as an important part of culture.

“Do I feel guilty about all the consumption that the fashion world promotes? Well, I can answer that by saying that I am now trying to make my own business more efficient and self-sustaining. This also means trying to make everybody who works in it happy, if I can.”

Vivienne Westwood

Source: https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/feb/08/vivienne-westwood-arctic-campaign

Designs

I scanned the photos, and then I started the collage in Adobe Photoshop. For the background, I used pale yellow hues as a symbol of a polluted atmosphere, as well as landfill of used clothes. In the right corner, I placed an image of an old camera with exhaust smoke. I tried to duplicate the image of Vivienne using some textures, with the effect of tied rope, which could identify the environmental problem and the way out of it. As the activist makes efforts to protect the nature, it is also obvious that we are all to some extent responsible for our environment, and it is important to remember that the rational use of clothing and natural fabrics is an important step in protecting the environment.

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Buy less. Choose well. Make it last. Quality, not quantity. Everybody’s buying far too many clothes. I know I’m lucky, I can just take things and borrow them, I’m o, but I hate having too many clothes. I think that poor people should be even more careful.

Vivienne Westwood

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On the next stage, I wanted to continue the experiment with collage and juxtaposing in design. This time I had the idea to create a collage with the selection of photos and their combination. So I had at my disposal a photo of a boy Rodello Coronel, Jr., the second of nine children in his family, spends the morning picking through the trash onshore in Manila looking for recyclable plastic.

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Source: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/proof/2013/11/04/a-boy-and-his-goggles/

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For contrast, I used the image of children on a clean beach, most likely in Europe, as a symbol of the fact that most of the pollution comes from developing countries. Also, I used the image of the glamorous model and small photos of stock clothes around. In the corner, I also placed an image of an old camera with piles of worn clothes streaming. Thus, in this collage, I touched on several topics, the problem of plasticity, pollution of water bodies, an overabundance of clothes, and the effect on the subconscious of the fashion industry intersect here.

For the background image, I used the overlay of several photos: light blue with an old canvas, as well as transparent photos of nature, which added depth to the background image. 

In this collage, I liked the experiment with the contrast of colours in which blue and yellow dominate.

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Conclusion

In conclusion, I would like to say that this exercise was very interesting and thought-provoking. I was introduced to the new unreal world of juxtaposing and collages, where different images can create a new meaning. However, I realised that I have to follow the prevailing rules about copyrights and licensing. I was enabled to work more with layers and transparency properties which have helped me to develop my understanding in manipulating found images. I have really enjoyed this exercise and feel that it has provided me with the opportunities to explore ideas for future exercises and assignments.

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Brief: Create a series of 10 abstract designs in which you balance blocks of subordinate, dominant and accent colours.

These designs are going to be used as covers for guidebooks to the following cities:

• Madrid
• Malmo
• Managua
• Manchester
• Manhattan
• Marrakech
• Marseilles
• Melbourne
• Montreal
• Mumbai

The books are going to be A5 landscape (210mm x148mm) size. You can use as many colours as you like and need to include the name of the city – where you place this and its colour are also important decisions to make. You may want to find out more about each city to help you develop your colour palette and also the size, shape and positioning of the colour blocks. Explore your DTP packages further by creating the artwork in the different software packages you have to experiment with the possibilities and ease of use. You can also do this exercise on paper using coloured blocks that you can cut and move about. Make notes in your learning log as you research and create your designs.

What? A5 landscape (210mm x148mm) size guidebooks

Target Audience: Travellers.

How will the client judge a successful outcome to the brief? 

Original colour solution for abstract cities to familiarize tourists with the cultural features of the city.

Keywords:

• Subordinate
• Dominant and accent colours
• Abstract cities

Secondary Research

For this task, I was building the idea following the main attractions that would be associated with a particular city. From the list above, I visited only one city, and this is Manchester, but this assignment served as an excellent motivator for me to discover the world’s places based on their colours and their main attractions. The goal of this exercise is to attract the flow of tourists to less popular cities. Because the list of cities was quite complicated, I could not immediately imagine what could be so unique in Madrid, Malmo or in Managua, the last one I had never heard of before. Therefore, to begin with, I needed to collect a series of photographs, where I could build a picture of the features of the city, colour solutions, due to which I could convert into geometric shapes. I e discovered images from Pinterest, stock photos, as well as photos provided by a travel photographer from personal photo archives.

In the process of selecting photos, I came across to posters with illustrations of cities. I decided to keep them on the inspiration board, even though these posters were made in a more artistic style, they looked at a kind of colour solutions that would be useful when analysing my assignment.

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Madrid

Madrid is the cultural capital of fashion and style and shopping. My friends mentioned visiting Madrid city, so I knew there is a square in the centre of the town, the cathedral and the blue-grey colours. But my searches on the internet opened Madrid for me from a new angle. I noticed that architectural solutions are quite impressive in it. Madrid is an influential fashion centre with many international museums, including the Prado Museum, the Reina Sofia Art Center, the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum and the Madrid Forum, which are among the 100 most visited museums in the world.

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For the beginning, I analysed images that would describe Madrid in general terms. I was attracted to the modern architecture in Madrid, which could be popularised.

Just as an option, I decided to portray more traditional and recognisable street in Spanish style. I liked the variations of colour in which there were red, warm shades; in this image, the spirit of Spain was present. But still, I would give preference to the first version, made in cold tones, in my opinion, it is more urban and progressive for an abstract task. Options for Madrid picture and book cover are presented below.

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Malmo

When I started choosing photos for the city of Malmo, I discovered the urban, modern, progressive city, which combines traditional architecture with modern buildings. From the beginning, my enthusiasm led me to the image of a tall building. But after analysing, I concluded that the design turned out to be too detailed, so I chose to depict another impressive building Water Tower, which I did in different colours of authentic buildings.

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For contrast, I decided to try brighter colours for the background colour; in my opinion, the bright orange colour successfully emphasised the uniqueness of the area. Design variants are presented below.

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Managua

Managua for me turned out to be another exotic place. Colourful peculiar city, with its culture and features.

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I collected a small set of paintings that deserve attention, but as a milking abstraction, I wanted to portray nature outside the city. I liked the combination of green and blue shades; in my opinion, this could serve as an incentive to attract tourists to the original city of Managua.

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Manchester

Known for its football club and music scene on which such bands as The Smiths and Oasis performed, this centre of sports and the arts is a famous and friendly city. A modern progressive city filled with the spirit of freedom. I wanted to portray Manchester in contrasting colours, with a consistent style of architecture.

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For the sky, I chose an unrealistic bright blue colour, which, in my opinion, created a unique colour feeling for this place. I think I was managed to picturise the traditional English city with modern features.

Manhattan

Manhattan is the historical core of the city of New York and one of its five boroughs. The city is primarily associated with tall skyscrapers, shopping centres, bright billboards and Broadway. The attitude towards it cannot be unambiguous, because achievements, history and modernity are intertwined together. To study and understand Manhattan is difficult, it is immense, diverse and unique.

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In my collection of photos, there are images from personal archives. I portrayed the first abstraction in violet-grey colours, with high-rises and the main avenue of the city. But then I wanted to explore this city from the opposite side, in warm shades, in the flowering spring city, in the centre of the composition, there is also a bright yellow taxi. I think I prefer the second option, in my view the name of the city is more prominent to read as well.

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Marrakech

This one of the largest cities of Morocco is rightly called the pearl of North Africa. When I went through all images, I realised that this place is full of different objects that worthing to picture.

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In my abstraction, I wanted to portray the colourful architecture of the city in warm colours in combination with the bright elements of local markets, in which there are spices, clothes, carpets and other products.

Marseilles

Marseille is the largest city in France after Paris. This city is the true pearl of France. Being a large industrial region, it managed to absorb a huge part of the country’s cultural and historical heritage.

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Marseille has an excellent location on the shores of the Mediterranean. In my illustration, I wanted to portray this feature of the city, the rolling hills in which houses are scattered, on the seashore. But after I realised that, I should go deeper in my studies of the city, and I decided to portray an interesting feature in terms of the architecture of Housing Unit – a modernist residential housing design rule developed by Le Corbusier.

In the design, I used palatal pastel shades of cream colours in combination with the blue sky. Design options are presented below.

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Melbourne

Melbourne is a city that occupies a leading position in the ranking of some of the most favourable cities for life. Melbourne is a large city in southern Australia; its difference lies in the fact that it is unique for its distinctive architecture. This city can rightly be considered the sports capital of Australia. Also not rarely there are lots of holidays, carnivals and festivals.

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© Steven Stanley Photography Melbourne 2019

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In my abstraction, I wanted to portray this city from the vibrant night metropolis, in bright purple hues. For contrast, I’ve used bright yellow and orange reflection — the name of the city I placed in the centre on the black shades of bushes.

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Montreal

Montreal is beautiful, modern and progressive, or as the locals would say: Montreal, c’est si bon! This French-speaking city is considered the cultural capital of Canada and is an example of a Quebec style in a multi-ethnic community.

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When I looked through a series of photos, I noticed the similarity of this city with Melbourne, but at the same time, I wanted to portray the uniqueness of this city. My eyes were riveted on the image of a colourful building, whose windows were lined up in a specific mosaic. I think that I managed to portray the character of the city in this abstraction.

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Mumbai

Mumbai is the largest and most prosperous city in India and the most populous in the world. Bom Bahai – these words, according to legend, were pronounced by the Portuguese, disembarking here, and this meant – “Good Harbor”. 

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When I was selecting photos, I traced that the city was full of various colours, but at the same time, brown shades dominated the surrounding elements of the town. I liked the image of the bay near the city, where peace and tranquillity were traced. In my illustration, I used violet and pink shades in combination with trees in the shade.

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Conclusion

In conclusion, I would like to say that this exercise took me lots of image looking and researches before I could get the feel of the city. I love that kind of illustrations, made with a simple tool like Adobe Illustrator pen, and adding to each shape the vibrant colour. The only disadvantage that I had, that I really tried to design more detailed pictures, with some recognisable shapes, instead of using just a flat geometric objects, so in the result I have different vector painted images, instead of abstract compositions. I was impressed by the diversity and cultural differences of a single city. Also, I traced the uniqueness of colour combinations in each city, how the mood and peculiarity of cities, forms, and contrast colours are played. In my opinion, I was managed to collect unique designs that, in the future, could serve as a guide in the tourist direction of each city.

Johannes Itten was an artist, designer and educator who spent much of his life exploring how colour works, especially the dynamic relationship between colours.

Brief: Draw two grids of squares, filling one with colours that you like and the other with colours you dislike. Then put the two grids side by side and ask the question ‘which one looks better?’ The usual result is the grid full of colours you dislike. This is because we tend to pick bright colours as the colours we like, which when placed side-by-side look garish and jarring. By contrast the colours we think we don’t like as much are often the more subtle and muddier mixed colours, tertiary colours and occasional bright hues. When placed side by side the effect is more balanced.

This is an important lesson for designers when picking a colour palette to work with: use bright colours but balance them against more subtle colours. It will also help you become better acquainted with your image manipulation or DTP software – identifying where your colour swatches are, how to select them and how you blend colours by changing their opacity.

Next, try experimenting with placing colours together as Itten did.

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Try and find different combinations of two colours to illustrate each of these ideas:

Angry Brave Creative Dangerous Energetic Familiar Gregarious Hopeful Independent Jumpy Kinetic Luxurious Masculine New Open Precious Quiet Reasonable Sociable Tasteful Unhappy Vital Wonderful Extra special Youthful Zany

Primary Research

Before embarking on a practical lesson, I made a little fact-finding tour of the artist Johannes Itten, the founder of colour theory. For me, colour has always played a key role in design and image perception. I noticed that, regardless of the complexity of the composition, and the message that was build in design, I was always attracted by the harmony of colour, most of our purchases are based on a subconscious choice of colour. It was a great discovery for me that this designer was the founder of colour solutions, our mood, our desires are very often associated with colour compositions.

Itten, Johannes (1888–1967), Swiss painter, teacher, and prolific visual and educational theorist. A well‐known artist, designer, and educator, Itten is perhaps best known for contributions to the Foundation Course (Vorkurs) at the Bauhaus in Weimar between 1919 and 1923. Itten wrote several books on art theory and his work as a painter consisted mainly of geometrical abstractions exemplifying his researches into colour. He emphasized the importance of knowledge of materials, but also encouraged his pupils to develop their imaginations through, for example, automatic writing Itten’s experiential and expressionist approach to creativity was increasingly at odds with Gropius’ growing commitment to the machine aesthetic as a key goal of the Bauhaus’s educational curriculum.

A Dictionary of Modern Design (2 ed.)  Publisher: Oxford University Press

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Key Ideas

Itten’s Vorkurs or foundations course at the Bauhaus pioneered techniques that remain central to art school teaching today, including the encouragement of self-expression and experimentation with materials and techniques.

As a believer in Eastern Mazdaznan, Itten encouraged students to embrace mysticism as part of their art practice. He taught meditation and breathing exercises, as well as gymnastic routines that were designed to maximize creativity.

Itten developed an intricate theory of colour, which associated colour palettes with types of people and seasons. His work on colour contrasts, which characterized seven different types of comparisons, was important for the development of Op Art, but would also influence palettes designed by cosmetic companies in the late-20^th century.

Source: https://www.theartstory.org/artist-itten-johannes.htm

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The Interaction Between Colours

The colour in a picture is always relative, you will never see a colour as it really is, as how it is physically. This is because there are influences of the other colours around. These influences or interactions can be received in different ways. Below is a list of influential factors that makes the colours to be as relative and that generates such a variety of colour results.

1. The colours and the shapes that are around. The same colour with different shapes and with other colours around will be perceived with different value.

2. Colour is the most relative of all media or visual art elements. On that example you clearly can follow the changes of the blue shade regarding of the background set of the colours, where on the warm background the blue square is stands out, but on the shade of analogues colours the blue colour disappearing and looks darker.

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3. Light intensity or brightness. Example of the same colour surrounded by a darker or lighter background:

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4. One colour looks like two different colours. This is because the addition of colours.

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5. Two colours look like the same colour. Abduction of colours.

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Colour Harmonies

For a basic acquaintance with the color palettes, I decided to give examples of color combinations. These combinations create pleasing contrasts and consonances that are said to be harmonious. At the same time these combinations can be of complementary colours, split-complementary colours, color triads, or analogous colours.

Complementary. Colours that are opposite each other on the colour wheel are considered to be complementary colours (example: red and green).

Analogous. Analogous colour schemes use colours that are next to each other on the colour wheel. They usually match well and create serene and comfortable designs. Analogous colour schemes are often found in nature and are harmonious and pleasing to the eye.

Triad. Triadic colour harmonies tend to be quite vibrant, even if you use pale or unsaturated versions of your hues. To use a triadic harmony successfully, the colours should be carefully balanced – let one colour dominate and use the two others for accent.

Split-Complementary. The split-complementary colour scheme is a variation of the complementary colour scheme. In addition to the base colour, it uses the two colours adjacent to its complement. This colour scheme has the same strong visual contrast as the complementary colour scheme, but has less tension.

Rectangle (tetradic).The rectangle or tetradic colour scheme uses four colours arranged into two complementary pairs. This rich colour scheme offers plenty of possibilities for variation. The tetradic colour scheme works best if you let one colour be dominant.

Square. The square colour scheme is similar to the rectangle, but with all four colours spaced evenly around the colour circle. The square colour scheme works best if you let one colour be dominant.

The Source http://www.tigercolor.com/color-lab/color-theory/color-harmonies.htm

Practical lesson

So, after the familiarisation course, I started a practical lesson. I’ve noticed, that my colour preferences are the intersection of pastel delicate tones, as well as complex colours with rich bright colours. In my understanding, if the colour is simple, such as yellow, red, green, this colour belongs to the order of flat colours in which there is no depth, but if there are several shades in the colour, for me it is a more pleasant hues composition. Also, I would not give preference to dark dull shades, such as marsh, brown, grey. But in the process of how I selected colours from one row of loved ones to unloved ones, I swept as I flip colours from one column to another, it is still difficult to choose any favourite or unloved color, if we select a certain group of colours, such as gentle pastel colours, and sending all the variegated and dark ones to unfavourite group, it becomes boring to look at monotony for the eye, contrast is important to us, and even the unloved bright red or purple, or fluorescent crimson can become a favourite at certain moments or under certain mood.

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When the turn came to the colour matching technique, following Itten’s theory, I discovered a new associative series in the search for colour combinations for the ideas from the exercise. In this case, the Color Guide option In Adobe Illustrator was very useful where I could combine colours in contrast to each other. At the beginning of the ideas were fairly simple, such as anger associated with red, black, rather aggressive combination, for the brave I chose a contrast combination of bright blue and yellow, if you are brave, you cannot go unnoticed. For an idea creative, unusual, tasty, I chose bright combinations of opposite colours as blue and yellow. For example, such ideas as young, energetic and dangerous in my understanding were more obvious colour combinations, but for such ideas as sociable, masculine, reasonable I found them quite challenging, as they were hard to imagine.

In conclusion, I would like to add that I enjoyed this exercise. In my practical classes, working with a color scheme was most pleasing to me, since I had the opportunity to convey my mood using only a few color scales. At the same time, there is no concept of a desired or unnecessary color, or a correct or ugly color, we ourselves attach meaning to each color, and choose our compositions intuitively, but when it comes to marketing techniques about color theory to increase sales, a new page of color theory opens here.

At the heart of visual dynamics is the idea of contrast; creating work that relies on dark and light, small and large, empty and full, to create the visual push and pull that makes it feel dynamic. Contrast can be created through the use of empty space as much as filling it with visual elements. It might be a contrast between colours, space or proportion.

Brief: Using only an image of a light bulb, the word ‘light bulb’ and a block of colour of your choice create different designs that explore visual dynamics – as the kitten designs shown in the previous project.

Think about your compositions, trying each element at a different sizes and cropping your photo. Your block of colour can be any size, so use it fully to create a sense of space in your composition. Think about layering your visual elements to create depth within your designs and think about contrasts.

Be playful within the rules set, creating as many different designs as you can. Edit these
down to about 20 designs that you feel represent the breadth of different approaches
you have explored.

Primary Researches

Millennia ago, an unknown genius figured out that what would become known as the Golden Ratio was extraordinarily pleasing to the eye. That is, as long as the ratio of smaller elements to larger elements is maintained.

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In the Fibonacci Sequence (0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, …) each term is the sum of the previous two, and the ratio becomes increasingly closer to the Golden Ratio. Generally speaking, the Golden Ratio describes the perfectly symmetrical relationship between two proportions.

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The golden ratio is the ratio of approximately 1 to 1.618. These are extremely important numbers to mathematicians. But what do they mean to us artists?

Well there have been studies which suggest designs set out using the golden ratio are aethetically pleasing. We can use the golden ratio to help design our paintings and position our subjects.

In this painting by Georges Seurat, the golden ratio appears to have been used throughout the painting – to define the horizon, to place points of interest and to create balance in what would appear to be a very active scene.

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This Golden spiral can be found throughout nature:

It is also important to remember that you do not need to understand the complexities of the golden ratio, but you can certainly use it to some to improve the design of your compositions.

Source https://drawpaintacademy.com/golden-ratio-in-art/

Secondary Researches

Before proceeding to the sketches I was interested in the topic of composition and the golden section. For myself, I wanted to check how the technique of the golden section can be applied in a design consisting of 3 elements. I decided to get acquainted with the golden proportions, and for this I created a grid of proportions in Adobe Illustrator.

Below are examples of the Golden Section such as:

• Golden spiral
• Golden circles
• Golden proportions
• Golden section with spiral
• Golden circles with spiral
• Golden section
• Rules of thirds
• Harmony triangles
• Golden triangles

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Light Bulb Design

After reviewing the variations of the composition, I decided to apply them in the design with a light bulb. I decided to use the landscape format for positioning elements around. In my understanding, such a format could serve as the cover of an annual report or brand book. I also noticed that the grid itself, which I developed in Adobe Illustrator was a kind of sketch for further placement of a lamp and a rectangle, it was a kind of puzzle that was convenient and easy to fill with three elements. This lesson so fascinated me that I think there could be much more variations, adhering to the rules of the fundamentals of composition.

For the color decision, I chose warm yellow in combination with black, white font. In the first screenshot I decided to leave the grid itself, in the example below the designs themselves are presented.

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In conclusion, I would like to add that I enjoyed the work done. I liked the effect of the dominance of one of the three objects, and the number of variations of compositions could in fact be unlimited. It was also interesting for me to carry out a mastering performed by the basics of the composition of the golden section, where analogs with the outside world were held, everything that can be pleasing to the eye and easy to read.

In this exercise you will read existing signs, symbols and images, and then drawing on their visual language create your own symbols.

Choose one of the following concepts:
• Danger
• Movement
• Love
• Here

How does existing visual language represent these concepts, for example both ‘danger’ and ‘love’ use red, while ‘movement’ and ‘here’ use arrows. Research the different similes and metaphors that are in common use. Document them through drawings, collecting examples and mind maps.
Now create an alternative symbol to represent at least one of the concepts.
Pencil and paper is the fastest and most practical way of working out your initial designs. You may then want to develop your idea further using computer software.

OCA. Core Concepts

Generic researches

In our modern world, we are surrounded by signs that are figuratively associated in our understanding with a certain action. For additional acquaintance with the theme of signs and symbols, I purchased a book of Pictograms Icons & Symbols. Pictograms and icons are a keystone of nonverbal and multicultural communication. From this book I could discover over 2,000 examples of pictograms, including icons from Olympic Games from 1964. The invention of semiotics is basically the analysis of signs and symbols and their use, which was invented by Charles Sanders Peirce, who saw the entire universe as an extended network of signs. He was the fist one who adopted a method of classification, which divided all signs into three categories of icon, symbol and index. Visual Signs can be seen for example at body language, illustrations, circumstances. But Auditory Signs can be heard, as alarm clock, siren etc.

Through this book, you can trace the origins of the signs and symbols, which originate from the Middle Eastern of Mesopotamia and Egypt. Also visible is the basic principle of constructing signs, where the thickness of the lines, conciseness and universality are important regardless of culture and language. I was especially interested in the pictograms on the last pages of the book, in a completely unusual for the human eye sign language in comic form. (New users for pictograms). The requirement was a concept that could be added on effectively and flexibly to something that already existed. The signs themselves comprised pictures and texts, which together conveyed all the necessary information. In addition to providing directions, the system was divided into three categories: cultures, sponsors and exhibitions.

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I also wanted to create a unique character that would be readable and unique at the same time. Before starting to develop my own design, I decided to put together a mood board for each topic in order to identify trends and style for each symbol for myself.

Danger

The first is the danger that it is customary in the community to highlight in yellow and red. Yellow colour often contrasts with the surroundings, so it is easier to spot the danger; red – the colour of increased attention, orange is also from the same colour category. There are two major shapes of the signs, for example as traffic signs, where the triangle is a warning sign, and the circle is obligatory. In the caution signs of danger no place for creativity, here conciseness and speed of perception to the human eye are important.

Movement

As for the sign of movement, my associative series was connected with the concept of dance, sprinter on the run, direction, the Olympic Games, where everything is joined with movement and purposefulness, then I came to the idea of radio waves, which in turn are a symbol of progress in modern world. I also liked the visualisation of the image taken from the Pinterest, where the human figure was outlined by primitive lines, even in such minimal wards the dynamics are attached.

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Love

The first thing that comes to mind at the word sign of love is the red heart. In order to clarify for myself how far this symbol originates, I turned to Wikipedia for an answer.

So, the heart symbol is the ♥ symbol used to denote the heart itself or love. The real human heart resembles very distantly. During the period of antiquity, the ancient Greeks and Romans associated feminine beauty, mainly with the forms of the bodies of women from the back. That is, the symbol of the heart is nothing more than a reproduction on the paper of the female buttocks. A pair of swans, swimming towards each other, at the time of contact form a heart shape. Swans are a symbol of love, loyalty and devotion, as a formed couple stays together for life, which is extremely rare in the animal world. https://bit.ly/2HXYi0D

Poster ‘Love’ by Robert Indiana full of erotic, religious, autobiographical, and political underpinnings” that make it “both accessible and complex in meaning. “The word love was connected to [the artist’s] childhood experiences attending a Christian Science church, where the only decoration was the wall inscription “God is Love”. The colours were a homage to his father, who worked at a Phillips 66 gas station during the Depression”. She quotes Robert Indiana as describing the original colours as “the red and green of that sign against the blue Hoosier sky”.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_(sculpture)

As for the image of love in the art world, here, first of all, the picture of lovers kissing is presented, the picture is filled with elements, but the key symbol here is the act of touch itself.

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Here

With the association of a sign, an image of direction, arrow, target, index fingers appears as a symbol of the order. In my understanding, the sign here is more common for traffic signs, and indicating the direction of action, accuracy is important. I liked the idea of the pointing arrow in space, the further we move away from the object in understanding here, the more the spectrum is around, while ‘here’ in the target image, this is a more precise concept, where the center is clearly visible.

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Ideas Generation

After generating the basic ideas, I proceeded to the sketches. In the process of drawing, I understood which representation of the sign I was most inclined to. My thoughts revolved around such phrases as love is in the air, love moves, the touch of love, the creation of love, everything was connected around a symbol of love as action and development. Associations love from the absorption of water for the soil, love from the soil and roots for the growth of the tree. The flow of blood through the veins. Raise love. My associative series revolved around such key phrases as you receive love, absorb it inside and grow with it. The flow of blood through the heart to the arteries. Cultivate love. I noticed the connection between the concepts of movement and love when life is love, and a sign of love is a movement. When we are moving, we get energy, water, air. I imagined the movement of the existence of all life from the smallest representatives of life as a molecule, to the Universe.

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I like the idea that love feeds and gives the strength of growth, I wanted to depict a tree in motion, the roots of which feed on the soil. In my understanding love is one of the components of the growth of the tree itself. The symbol of the tree presenting a smiling woman with open branches, I can say she gets the energy from two sources: sun, warmth from the top and from the soil and water from the root system. I didn’t show on my painting soil, water or sun, as I wanted to leave the place for imagination, that tree could be still small that it will fit into the little house pot.

To develop the design of my love symbol, I first sketched a tree, then I circled my sketch with a black pen. I was able to translate the scanned image into a vector in Adobe Illustrator using Image Trace Tool, which would let me to scale that image into the different sizes. On the tree itself, you can see the outlines of flowers along with the leaves, as a symbol of flowering and love, I used the spring magnolia tree.

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I was also interested to see how my drawing would look in graphic design layouts, on a bright background, or white one with different lines colours, and with different fonts. In the course of the experiment, I saw how much the perception of the sign changes, from green to brightly red coloured, also the fonts played their part. The green background was more like a sign of disposition and openness, in a red combination the tree more resembled a symbol of passion and challenge.

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In conclusion, I would like to say that I enjoyed the task. I liked developing ideas of different symbols and signs, and how the union of such concepts as love, movement, direction of action can create a new symbol. The tree symbol in my understanding is a universal sign for the image of love and growth. From the first sight you could think that tree is a static object, it doesn’t move anywhere, and spend all it’s life at the same place, but it has enough of energy and courage that to each year renew their buds, which later turn into beautiful leaves and flowers.

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It is very easy for the ephemera of everyday life to disappear; leaflets binned, magazines
recycled and books reprinted. If you get in the habit of collecting examples of design that you encounter everyday, then you start to get a feel of your tastes and interests, and over time both your design horizons and cultural awareness broadens.

Start a scrapbook, sketchbook or use a blog to document the visual world around you.
Find examples of visual language that interest you, these could be taken from anywhere
(art, film, photography, illustration, design, craft, cinema, hobbies, etc).
If you can, visit museums, galleries and consider all the graphic design around you – in
books, magazines, cinemas, shops and poster sites. This is your investigation, so follow
your nose.

Pinterest

Over the last couple of days, I have been saving pins of various designs that interest and attract me. Most of them just for inspiration, something that makes my eye attracted by.

At the same time I have been collecting for a few years some pins for boards for commercial projects, that I could use as ideas for everyday designs. There are printed boxes, leaflets, labels, calendars etc.

I’ve created some new boards for artists that were recommended by my tutor. I thought that it would be a good idea to keep all designers at the same place, so in case of I would like to rely on some of them, I can see them all collected on my Pinterest profile. I admire works of Kurt Schwitters, as his art looked like a sketchbook, or collection of the craft by itself.

Some more Pinterest desk for John Stezaker masterpieces. John Stezaker’s work re-examines the various relationships to the photographic image: as documentation of truth, purveyor of memory, and symbol of modern culture. In his collages, Stezaker appropriates images found in books, magazines, and postcards and uses them as ‘readymades’. Through his elegant juxtapositions, Stezaker adopts the content and contexts of the original images to convey his own witty and poignant meanings.

Also, I’ve created a new board for Fonts, as I felt I had a missing gap within typography knowledge, so I thought that it could be a good start for a fonts experiments for my graphic design aspirations.

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Up recently I’ve discovered for myself a new artist Marian Bantjes. She has created a unique visual language that combines typographical craftsmanship, illustrative flair and personal observation. Her generous approach, meticulous attention to detail and wit have made her one of today’s sought-after graphic artist.

The works of Marian Bantjes first of all attracted me by experimenting with structure, color, and form, as well as with such objects as fur, wax, sand. I liked her bold approach to the surrounding things, where in every small trifle she sees for herself a potential creative object. This is what I would like to develop in myself, be inspired and absorb.

Are there dominant themes emerging?

I feel that I am more attracted to the complex compositions in which the collage style dominates. I am attracted to the mystical effect, when at first glance unrelated objects create a unique composition. At the same time, I noticed that vivid patterns, the multiplicity of objects in combination with geometrically regular forms in my understanding create a unique harmony.

Also earlier in my article, I gave examples of works by Matthew Richardson, which also showcased the collage style and the layering of objects one on another.

You may find yourself interested in a particular area of design, era or design product. What does this tell you about your own visual language and cultural awareness?

That to answer that question I referred to the book Pioneers of Modern Graphic Design, as it has collections of artists starting from Art-Deco style of 20th to the Urban Design in Digital Area. In graphic design, the Art Deco style was an electric mix. I like geometric and zigzag lines that were taken from both the visual style associated with the popular dance the Charleston and from ziggurats of Egypt. Also, I felt an influence on my graphic design vision from the late modern and postmodernism. The postmodern graphic designer no longer searched for a single dominant message or visual form but instead used hybrid imagery, mixed typographic styles and delighted in complex composition.